陆上地震采集技术新进展

The Technical Progress of Seismic Data Acquisition Onshore

近年来,陆上地震采集技术出现了以可控震源采集、同时多源地震、无线采集系统、高密度地震、随机稀疏采样等为标志的技术新进步,提高了地震采集的施工效率和采集质量,保证了资料和后续处理能达到高信噪比、高分辨率、高保真度的要求。本文介绍了可控震源技术、无线采集系统、同时多震源技术等方面的发展现状和趋势。没有详细介绍目前已普遍使用的一些方法技术,如采集前的模拟技术(局部照明分析、振幅分析等),激发接收条件的分析与改进,地震采集脚印的模拟与采集效应的消除,山前带、沙漠、滩海等特殊环境的采集等。一些新的技术,如稀疏采样(随机采样、压缩采样等在空间、时间域中突破采样定理要求的采集)、光纤传输、OBC、OBN等,也没有涉及。

In recent years,there has been a new technical progress marked by vibroseis acquisition,simultaneous multi-source seism,wireless acquisition system,high density seism,random sparse sampling,which improves the operating efficiency and data quality of seismic acquisition,and ensures high signal-to-noise ratio,high resolution and high fidelity of seismic data and its subsequent processing.The paper introduces the development status and trend of vibroseis technology,wireless acquisition system and simultaneous multi-source technology.It also presents some commonly used methods and technologies such as simulation techniques before acquisition（local illumination analysis,amplitude analysis,etc.）,analysis and improvement of shooting and receiving conditions,simulation of seismic acquisition footprint,elimination of acquisition effect,the special circumstances acquisition of foothill belt,desert and offshore area.However,some new technologies,such as sparse sampling（acquisition that its random and compression samplings breakthrough requirements of the sampling theorem in spatial and time domains）,fiber optic transmission,OBC,OBN,etc.,are not involved.