219例围产儿先天畸形临床分析

Perinatal morbidity of congenital malformations:Clinical analysis of 219 cases

目的了解先天性畸形发病情况,探讨胎儿畸形的发病原因和预防措施。方法对2006年1月至2010年12月在我院出生的8928例围生儿中有出生缺陷的219例畸形儿的发病情况进行回顾性分析。结果 219例围生儿畸形中骨骼系统与神经系统畸形发生率较其它系统发生率高(构成比分别为15.98%与15.52%),其次为颌面五官系统唇腭裂、附耳(构成比分别为12.32%和11.42%),呼吸系统和消化系统畸形发生率较其它系统发生率低(P<0.05);B超诊断率在2006年最低(45.16%),2009年最高(63.83%),两年的诊断率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余各年的B超诊断差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05);219例中<28周发现的仅占14.61%,28～37周及>37周发现分别为42.21%及40.18%,明显高于<28周;发现畸形人数2006年活产率最低(29.03%),2008年活产率最高(57.14%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通过诊断技术和治疗手段的提高,预防和宣传措施的加强,促进优生优育工作,有效预防和减少胎儿畸形的发生。

Objective To understand the incidence of congenital malformations and their impact factors,discuss the incidence of fetal malformations and prevention measures.Methods Among the 8929 children who were born in our hospital from January 2006 to December 2010,there were 219 defects.The incidence of deformed children and influencing factors were analyzed retrospectively.Results In 219 perinatal children with skeletal system abnormalities,the incidence of congenital malformation in skeletal system and nervous system was 15.98% and 15.52% respectively.In facial features system,the incidence of facial cleft lip and accessory fagus was 12.32% and 11.42% respectively.The incidence of congenital malformation in respiratory system and digestive system was lower than that of other systems（P0.05）.Ultrasound diagnosis rates was lowest in 2006（45.16%）and highest in 2009（63.83%）.There was no significant difference between the two years（P0.05）.There was no significant difference among the diagnosis of ultrasound in remaining years（P0.05）.Patients diagnosed within 28 weeks accounted for only 14.61%,those diagnosed within 28～37 weeks and after 37 weeks accounted for 40.18% and 42.21% respectively,which was significantly higher than those diagnosed within 28 weeks.The rate of live birth was found lowest in 2006（29.03%）,highest in 2008（57.14%）.There was significant difference between the two years（P0.05）.Conclusion Improvement of diagnosis,prevention and publicity measures for strengthening and improving prenatal and postnatal care treatment can work effectively to prevent and reduce the incidence of fetal malformations