应用SSR分子标记评价不同年代东北三省粳稻基因组遗传构成

Evaluation on Genome Structure in Different Periods Northeast China Rice(Oryza sativa L.var.japonica) by SSR Marker

为进一步明确北方粳型水稻基因组遗传构成,利用52个SSR分子标记对79份不同时期东北粳稻品种进行遗传多样性与基因组遗传构成的研究。结果表明：品种遗传多样性在省份间呈现出辽宁〉黑龙江〉吉林,在年代间呈现出2001-2008〉1981-1990〉1991-2000〉1963-1980的趋势;基因组籼稻成分比例表现为辽宁品种〉黑龙江品种〉吉林品种,20世纪80年代育成品种的籼性血缘含量最多;遗传构成分析显示出东北地区遗传构成随年代更迭逐渐丰富,3个省份的遗传成分存在一定差异,以辽宁地区最为复杂。20世纪80年代后籼粳杂交育种实践引入的籼稻基因不仅丰富了东北粳稻的遗传构成,而且＂适量＂籼稻血缘的应用对今后北方粳稻育种有重要作用。

In order to explicit the genome structure in Northeast China japonica,the changes in genetic diversity and genome structure during breeding were studied on the 79 northeast China Japonica in different periods using 52 genome-wide SSR loci.The results showed that genetic diversity of japonica cultivars from large to small sequenced for Liaoning,Heilongjiang,Jilin and 2001-2008,1981-1990,1991-2000,1963-1980.The proportion of indica ingredient from small to large was Liaoning,Heilongjiang,Jilin and varieties in the 1980s had maximum level.Genome structure of northeast China Japonica was more and more complex with the periods changed.Genetic background of Japonica among 3 provinces showed some difference and mixed genetic constitution in Liaoning province was more than the other 2 provinces.Indica germplasm imported by Indica-japonica hybridization not only enriched genetic diversity,but also gave directions to japonica breeding in Northeast of China.