汉代主流政治价值观构造的理路——以“忠”为对象的解读

The Formation of the Mainstream Political Values in Han Dynasty:The Interpretation of "Loyalty"

主流政治价值观是政治哲学的重要组成部分。汉唐无疑是主流政治价值观构造的佼佼者。汉代主流政治价值观的成功首先在于最高统治者清醒地认识到主流政治价值观之于政治法则、政治制度、政治秩序的基础性地位,通过"以孝劝忠"的方式推动价值观的整合。其次是通过对传统理论的创造,将忠的理论精细化、哲学化,强化了这种政治准则的理性色彩。另外,统治者还采取各种行之有效的方法,将理论拔高之后的"忠"重新放归平易,大力宣传"忠"的要求,将"忠"所包含的各种政治观念融入到政治生活、社会生活的方方面面,使核心政治价值观的影响及于人们生活的每一个角落,并内化为人们自觉的价值追求,外在的政治行为获得了内在价值理念的有力支撑,使社会成员评价政治现象遵循社会主流政治价值观规定的方向成为潮流与时尚,那些不符合主流政治价值观要求的思想与行为受到巨大抑制,提高了主流政治价值观的指导性地位。

Mainstream political values are an important part of the political philosophy. Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty are undoubtedly outstanding in terms of building mainstream political values. The success of the mainstream political values in the Han Dynasty first lies in the fact that the supreme ruler was fully aware of the fundamental importance of mainstream political values to the political system, political institutions and political order. Second- ly, the ruling class developed a well designed and detailed theory of loyalty to reinforce the rationality of loyalty by refining the traditional theory of loyalty. In addition, the rulers also adopted various methods to applying the theory of loyalty to every day social and political life so that it became closely associated with cvery aspect of daily life. This way, loyalty became the self-conscious pursuit of the common people and it was popular for citizens to follow the provisions of the mainstream political values. Further, values and behaviors inconsistent with mainstream political thought and behavior were greatly constrained and the dominance of the mainstream political values were fortified and elevated.