近十年固体超强碱催化剂的研究进展

Research Progress on Solid Superbase Catalysts in the Last Decade

综述了近十年来固体超强碱催化剂的研究进展,主要包括超强碱的类型、制备方法及其应用,以及碱性位的产生机理.迄今为止,已报道的超强碱种类少,大部分是以金属氧化物为载体制得,且需在苛刻条件下制备和使用,从而限制了其发展和应用.此外,有关超强碱位形成机理的研究也鲜见报道.该领域的发展趋势在于开发出可用于制备固体超强碱的新型载体材料和新的修饰组分,以及拓展超强碱在催化反应尤其是高温催化反应中的应用.

This review focuses on the research progress on solid superbase catalysts in recent decade,including the type and preparation of superbases,the mechanism for basic site generation,and the application of superbases in catalysis.It is pointed out that only several kinds of superbases have been reported so far,and the majority of solid superbases are generated using metal oxides as supports.The reported superbases are very sensitive to H2O and CO2,and rigorous conditions are required for their preparation and utilization.As a consequence,the development and application of solid superbases are restricted.Despite the understanding of the formation mechanism of superbasic sites is essential for the design of solid superbases,reports on this aspect are few.It is necessary to develop new support materials or modifying agents to generate solid superbases of novelty.Efforts should be devoted to the study of the generation mechanism of superbasic sites by adopting advanced characterization techniques and new methods for theoretical investigation.Moreover,it can be predicted that solid superbases will find new application in catalysis,especially in reactions that require high temperatures for desorption of acidic substances from the surface of superbases.