黄硬皮马勃提取物农用生物活性研究

Research on Agricultural Bioactivities of Scleroderma flavidum Extracts

[目的]研究黄硬皮马勃提取物对粘虫的生物活性。[方法]以1∶1的甲醇?氯仿对黄硬皮马勃实体进行3次冷浸,对其提取液进行合并和减压浓缩,获取总浸膏及总浸膏的石油醚、氯仿和正丁醇萃取物;以粘虫为试材,进行生物活性测定。[结果]在相同浓度下,黄硬皮马勃总浸膏对粘虫3龄幼虫的拒食活性强于总浸膏的石油醚、氯仿及正丁醇萃取物;石油醚萃取物在3种溶剂萃取物中表现出最强的拒食活性,在25 mg/ml的浓度下,石油醚萃取物对粘虫的拒食率达80%;当浓度在10 mg/ml以上时,石油醚萃取物对粘虫3龄幼虫的24 h校正死亡率均在70%以上,48 h校正死亡率则均超过80%,7 d校正死亡率均为100%;石油醚提取物对粘虫触杀作用较弱。[结论]黄硬皮马勃总浸膏石油醚萃取物对粘虫有较强的拒食和胃毒活性,石油醚能有效的溶解黄硬皮马勃总浸膏中的生物活性成分。

[Objective] The bioactivities of S.flavidum extracts on Mythimna separate Walker were studied.[Method] Fruit body of S.flavidum soaked three times by methanol-chloroform（1∶1）,merging the extracts and concentrating it under low pressure,the total extract and its petroleum ether,chloroform,butanol extract were obtained;then taking three age larvae of M.separate as experiment materials,the bioactivity were tested.[Result] The results showed that the antifeedant activity of total extract on three age larvae of M.separate was stronger than that of petroleum ether,chloroform,butanol extract.Among the three kinds of extracts,the antifeedant activity of petroleum ether extract was the strongest.The antifeedant rate of petroleum ether extract was 80% at the concentration of 25 mg/ml.While the concentration of petroleum ether extract were over 10 mg/ml,the 24,48 h adjusted mortalities were beyond 70% and 80% respectively,and 7 days adjusted mortalities were all 100%.Contact toxicities of petroleum ether extract on three age larvae of M.separate were weak.[Conclusion] The petroleum ether extract of S.flavidum got stronger stomach poisoning action and antifeedant activities on M.separate;the active ingredients could effectively extracted by petroleum ether.