西双版纳国家级自然保护区野生植物资源现状及保护对策研究

Study on the Current Situation and Protection Countermeasures of Wild Plant Resources in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve

[目的]研究西双版纳国家级自然保护区野生植物资源现状及保护对策。[方法]结合线路调查、样地调查和文献调查法,研究了西双版纳国家级自然保护区野生植物资源的现状;采用参与式乡村评估法和问题树分析法,分析保护区野生植物资源的主要影响因素,并针对其现状和影响因素提出保护对策。[结果]西双版纳国家级自然保护区现有维管束植物共214科,1 012属,2 779种(包括亚科及变种),其中,蕨类植物有41科91属261种,裸子植物6科6属14种,被子植物167科915属2 504种;保护区野生植物资源的影响因素主要包括林下种植行为、生境破碎化、采伐林木、非木质产品的采集利用、畜牧业发展、社区居民对保护区的认识不够、外来人口较多;可通过加强宣传教育、加强管理、严格执法等措施来保护保护区的野生植物资源。[结论]该研究为西双版纳国家自然保护区野生植物资源的保护提供了理论依据。

[Objective] The aim was to study the current situation and protection countermeasures of wild plant resources in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve.[Method] The current situation of wild plant resources in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve was researched by means of route survey,sample plot survey and literature survey,and then the main impact factors of wild plant resources were analyzed by using participatory rural appraisal and problem tree analysis,finally protection countermeasures were put forward according to current situation and main impact factors.[Result] There were 2 779 species of vascular plants belonging to 214 families and 1 012 genera（including subfamilies and varieties） in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve,among them,there existed 261 species of pteridophyte belonging to 41 families and 91 genera,14 species of gymnosperm belonging to 6 families and 6 genera,and 2 504 species of angiosperm belonging to 167 families and 915 genera.There were main impact factors of wild plant resources in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve,such as planting under forest,habitat fragmentation,cutting trees,collection and utilization of no-timber products,development of animal husbandry,insufficient recognition of community residents to protection areas and lots of floating population.In the future,wild plant resources in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve could be protected through strengthening propaganda,education,management,enforcing the law strictly and other countermeasures.[Conclusion] The study could provide theoretical foundation for the protection of wild plant resources in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve.