对建立第三方事故调查机制的探讨

Analysis of mechanism for establishment of third-party accident investigation

事故调查的根本目的在于查找事故的可能原因并提出事故的预防措施,而事故调查的独立性对此根本目的起关键作用。我国安全生产管理体制建设起步较晚,事故管理机制发展不成熟,与国外先进事故调查理念相比,我国事故调查机制缺乏独立性的保障,主要表现在技术调查与司法调查未能分离、事故调查报告未能完全公开、事故调查的客观性保障不足,限制了我国事故调查水平的进一步提高。通过分析国外第三方事故调查的机制的优势并结合我国国情,从第三方事故调查的任务、人员编制、人员培训、责任与权利、法律义务等方面提出我国第三方事故调查机制的框架,并规划了构建第三方事故调查的三阶段进程及其主要内容,以逐步实现第三方事故调查的公正、客观、高效,更好地促进我国安全生产管理水平的提高。

The mission of accident investigation is to determine the probable cause of accidents and to identify safety improvements,which depends on the independence of the investigation.The development of work safety management system was of late and the development of accident management was far from immature in China.Compared to the advanced concept of accident investigation in foreign countries,accident investigation in China has been lack of independency mainly in the relationship between technical investigation and judicial investigation,information rights of the public on reports and objectivity of the investigation,which restricts its further improvement.For the improvement,a third-party accident investigation framework was put forward from objectives,personnel posts,training,responsibilities,rights and legal obligation.The three-step-formation process and its contents of the third-party investigation were also proposed in order to achieve a justice,objective and efficient outcome in the accident investigation and eventually to enhance the standard of safety management in China.