新疆扁桃结实率低的生理与分子机制

Research report on physiological and molecular mechanism of low bearing rate of almond in Xinjiang

为给生产上提高扁桃产量和品质而制订科学的栽培管理措施提供理论依据,针对新疆扁桃结实率低的问题,就扁桃的花芽分化、授粉受精、坐果和幼果发育的生物学特性及树体营养、激素等相关影响因素进行了3个国家自然科学基金项目的研究,结果基本摸清了新疆扁桃受精不亲和的生物学特性和分子机理及结实率低的生理机制;通过对新疆扁桃不同品种、类型自交不亲和性进行田间测验及S基因型鉴定、S基因克隆及其序列比较、花柱蛋白对花粉萌发的生理效应的测定及自交不亲和单元型特异F-box基因的克隆及其表达分析,初步了解了新疆扁桃结实率低的分子生物学机制。

In order to provide a theoretical basis for working-out scientific cultivation and management measures of almond,enhancing yield and quality,aimed at low bearing rate,the biological characteristics of flower bud differentiation,pollination and fertilization,fruit-setting and young fruit development,and related impact factors of tree nutrition and hormones were researched,and biological characteristics and molecular mechanism of fertilization incompatibility and physiological mechanism of low bearing rate in Xinjiang were found out.The mechanism of molecular biology of low bearing ratio in Xinjiang were preliminarily known by the means of testing self-imcompatiblility of most native cultivars and types,identifing S-RNase genotypes in orchards,S gene cloning and sequence comparing,testing the effect of stylar S-RNase on pollen germination,cloning and analyzing expression of S-haplotype-specific SFB（S-locus F-box） gene.