端砚的宝石学特征及其仿制品鉴别

Gemmological Characteristics and Identification of Duanxi Inkstone

端砚以不同色调的紫色和浅绿色为主,泥质结构,块状构造。具有石眼、火捺、金线、银线等石品花纹;主要由绢云母(75%～90%)、石英(3%～15%)、赤铁矿(1%～5%)、绿泥石(5%～9%)等组成,组成矿物对端砚质量有明显影响;端砚平均密度为2.76 g/cm3,摩氏硬度为3～4。古砚仿制品砚面色调单一、不具备天然石品花纹、粉末可燃烧等,可与端砚区别。

Duanxi Inkstone shows different shades of purple and light green, with pelitic texture and massive structure, and with the characters of stone eyes, huona, golden lines, silver lines, etc. Duanxi Inkstone is mainly composed of sericite （ 75 % - 90% ）, quartz （ 3 % - 15 % ）, hematite （ 1% - 5 % ）, chlorite （ 5 % - 9 % ）. Mineral composition is significant for the quality of Duanxi Inkstone. The average density is 2.76 g/cm^3, and the Mohs hardness of 3 to 4. Imitations of old Duanxi Inkstone are single color and do not have the patterns of natural stone products, and its powder can be burnt, thus different from Duanxi Inkstone.