从价值预设到法律形式:立法方法论基础初探

From Value Presuppositions to Legal Forms:Preliminary Arguments on Foundations of Legislative Methodology

对立法问题进行方法论的反思,不仅是对目前学术研究的补充,同时也是法学方法论的前提性问题。以政治意志形式出现的价值预设如何向法律形式转化,是立法方法论中的基础问题,因而也是法学方法论的重要组成部分。立法方法论的核心问题是法律创制的方法,其中包含法律的价值安排与价值的实现程序。在区分伦理与道德的前提下,运用商谈原则和普遍化原则,将价值整合为共识进而作为立法的价值预设;将公共自主与私人自主统一到程序主义的法律范式之下,这既是对价值共识进行实践设计,同时也为立法价值的实现提供了理论的指导。法律的价值安排与价值的实现程序,统一于通过主体间对话而达成共识的商谈理论之中,并通过立法民主程序得以体现。

Methodological reflection to the legislative issues is not merely the supplement to the academic research,but the premise issue of legal methodology.The fundamental issue of legislative methodology,as an important section of legal methodology,is how to transform value presuppositions as forms of political wills into legal forms.The core issue of legislative methodology is the enacting method of law,which is composed of value arrangement and realization of law.As to the former,the principle of discourse and universalization in the discourse ethics could integrate conflicted values into value presupposition as consensus,with the separation of ethical issue and moral argument.And as to the latter,public autonomy and private autonomy should be unified into the proceduralist paradigm of law,which offers the theoretical directions for legal value realization,as well as practical designs of obtaining of legal value consensus.Value arrangement and realization of law are both on the base of discourse theory which argues that consensus derives from intersubjective dialogues.The discourse theory referring to legislation reveals itself as democratic procedure of legislation.