唐代科举铨选考试的资格审查

The Qualification Evaluation in Imperial Exams of the Tang Dynasty

为了维护考试秩序,保证人才选拔质量,巩固封建统治基础,唐政府在科举与铨选考试中进行严格的资格审查。礼部常科举人审查对象主要是州县乡贡举子,审查内容包括户籍、家庭出身、学历和乡试材料以及道德品质和个人履历。相对而言,中央、地方官学生员的审查比较宽松;吏部选试的审查主要针对选人出身和资历,具体表现在审查选人的甲历文书。制科考试仅有户籍审查,没有资历、出身的审查要求。只要具有异才、异能,哪怕是白身、草泽皆可应举。

In order to maintain the order of the examinations,to ensure the quality of talents＇ selection,and to strengthen the feudal governance,Tang government carries fairly strict qualification evaluation out in imperial examinations and selecting examinations respectively.The main targeting objectives of the candidates＇ qualification examination for regular imperial exams made by the Ministry Rites are the candidates selected and offered through the examinations from the prefecture,the county and the township.The contents of the investigation mainly focus on the domiciliary register,the family background,the education background and the materials of the provincial triennial examinations,moral traits and personal experiences,whereas the qualification examination of the students called scholars is relatively loose.The qualification examination for the Ministry of Official Personnel Affairs mainly focuses on investigating into the family background and personal experiences,and this reflected on examining the personnel archives.Irregular imperial exams only demand on examining the domiciliary register,while not on family background or personal experiences.So long as the candidates have extraordinary talents or special abilities,they can sit for imperial examinations even though they are commoners without positions or folks from lower classes.