厦门市2002-2009年老年人口死因分析

Analysis on the Causes of Death in Elderly Population in Xiamen During the Period of 2002～2009

目的了解厦门市老年人口死亡特征,评价老年人口主要死因的影响程度及变化趋势。方法应用死亡率、标化死亡率、死因构成及死因顺位、老年保健效益指数(GEI)等统计指标,对2002-2009年厦门市60岁以上老年人口死因资料进行分析。结果 2002-2009年间老年人口死亡总数为42 435人,占全部死亡人数的72.43%,平均死亡率为31.11‰。死亡率男性高于女性,城乡差异无统计学意义。主要死因为恶性肿瘤、脑血管病、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病、损伤与中毒等,前五位死因占总死亡的84.68%,全死因中慢性非传染性疾病的死亡占总死亡的90.59%。主要疾病的GEI顺位为恶性肿瘤、意外伤害、传染病、呼吸系统疾病和心脑血管疾病,大多数死因的GEI高于0.5,女性普遍高于男性。与1987-1997年统计结果比较,死亡率呈下降趋势,各主要疾病的GEI也有所下降。结论厦门市老年人口主要死因是恶性肿瘤、心脑血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病等慢性疾病,是影响老年人寿命的最主要原因,应当作为老年医疗卫生工作的重点,并引起全社会的关注。

Objective To survey the main diseases causing death among elderly population in Xiamen,and to evaluate the effect degree and trend of the main diseases causing death among elderly population.Methods Mortality rate,standardized mortality rate,proportionate mortality rate（PMR） and geracomia effect index（GEI） were used to analyze the data about the causes of death of the elderly aged over 60 years in Xiamen from 2002 to 2009.Results There were totally 42,435 old people dead during the period of 2002～2009,which accounted for 72.43% of the whole death cases,with the average mortality rate of 31.11‰.The mortality rate of male was higher than that of female,but no statistically significant difference was found in the urban and rural elderly.The main causes of death were malignant tumor,cerebrovascular disease,cardiovascular disease,respiratory diseases,injuries and poisoning,which accounted for 84.68% of the total death cases.Chronic non-communicable diseases accounted for 90.59% of the total death cases.The main diseases ranked by GEI were as follows： malignant tumor,injuries,infectious diseases,respiratory diseases,cardiovascular and cerebrovascalar diseases;most of the GEI were more than 0.5,and female＇s GEI was higher than that of male.Compared with the statistical results in 1987～1997,mortality rates and GEIs of the main diseases during the period of 2002～2009 presented a decreasing trend.Conclusions The main causes of death that affected expectation of life in elderly population in Xiamen were chronic diseases,such as malignant tumor,cardiovascular and cerebrovascalar diseases and respiratory diseases.The chronic diseases are the most important factors affecting the life of elderly population,which should be emphasized in the geriatric medical services and arouse the concern of the whole society.