放牧饲养对雪山草鸡屠宰性能及肉色的影响

Influence of grazing pattern on slaughter performance and meat color of Xueshan chicken

【目的】探讨两阶段饲养模式对雪山草鸡屠宰性能及肉色的影响,为寻求适合高效生产优质鸡肉的饲养模式提供参考依据。【方法】选用高密度集约化饲养的雪山草鸡(公鸡80日龄,母鸡120日龄),采用放牧饲养模式,分别于放养30和60d后取右侧胸肌、腿肌及腹脂样品,测定屠宰性能和肉色。【结果】放牧饲养鸡的活体重、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率均略低于高密度集约化饲养组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);性别对雪山草鸡屠宰性能的影响较大,放牧饲养雪山草公鸡的腹脂率显著低于母鸡,但腿肌率显著高于母鸡(P<0.01)。在肉色指标方面,胸肌和腿肌的亮度、红度均随着放养时间延长呈递增趋势,而黄度则呈递减趋势。【结论】放牧饲养可以降低雪山草鸡的腹脂率,提高屠宰性能,同时还能提高肌肉的亮度及红度,有利于改善肉色及肉品质。

[Objective]The present experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of two-stage feeding pattern on slaughtering performance and meat color of Xueshan chicken and to provide an effective method of feeding to produce good quality of chicken meat. [Method]The female and male Xueshan chickens in high-density intensive feeding were chosen and fed with two-stage feeding system. During first stage, the chickens were fed with high-density food for one month. The second stage （80-day cocks and 120-day hens） was comprised of grazing for two months. After 60 days of feeding, the right pectorales, crureus and abdominal muscles were taken to find out the slaughter performance and meat color. [Result]The results showed that the live weight and the rates of pectorales, crureus, abdomen fat in grazing group were higher than those fed with high-density food, however, the differences were not significant （P〈0.05）. Sexuality of chicken had significant effects on slaughtering performance. The abdomen fat of cock was lower than that of hens, while the crureus fat was significant higher than hens （P〈0.01）. The lightness and redness of pectorales and crureus in grazing group showed an increasing tendency with the elongation of grazing period, while yellowness declined. [Conclusion]Grazing pattern could decrease the rate of abdomen fat, enhance slaughtering performance, and lightness and redness of meat, and was in favour of improving meat color and quality.