妊娠期糖尿病发病机制及对母婴的影响

Research on Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and its Influence on Maternal and Infant

年龄、肥胖、种族、不良孕育史和糖尿病家族史是影响妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetesmellitus,GDM)的主要因素。胰岛素抵抗是其主要发病机制。GDM对母儿影响的严重程度与病情及血糖控制情况密切相关,主要表现为妊娠期高血压、羊水过多、巨大儿、早产、难产及软产道损伤、剖宫产等发生率明显增高,还可增加围生儿发病率、死亡率,甚至增加儿童期肥胖及代谢综合征、母亲患糖尿病风险等。

Risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM）include age,obesity,ethnicity,adverse obstetrical and neonatal outcomes,and family history of diabetes.Insulin resistance plays a main role in GDM.Impact of GDM on mothers and fetals is intimately related to levels of glycaemic control.Women with GDM are increased risk of pre-eclampsia,polyhydramnios,shoulder dystocia or cephalopelvic disproportion,injury of birth canal,caesarean delivery and diabetes after years,while their infants tend to experience higher rates of macrosomia,preterm birth,morbidity and mortality.The offspring of these women are also at increased risk of obesity and metabolism syndrome in childhood.