风沙半干旱区不同立体复合种植模式对作物病虫害及产量的影响

Effects of Different Compound Planting Modes on Diseases and Pests and Yield of Crops in Sandy and Semi Arid Regions

在科尔沁沙地南缘,以仁用杏//花生/玉米/花生//仁用杏(A1模式)、仁用杏//谷子/玉米/谷子//仁用杏(A2模式)、仁用杏//大豆/玉米/大豆//仁用杏(A3模式)、仁用杏//玉米//仁用杏(B1模式)、仁用杏//花生//仁用杏(B2模式)、仁用杏//谷子//仁用杏(B3模式)、仁用杏//大豆//仁用杏(B4模式)7种果粮立体复合种植模式为试验对象,研究了不同种植模式对作物病虫害的影响,并评价了其经济效益。结果表明:玉米病虫害的发病率和病情指数均表现为B1模式>A2模式>A3模式>A1模式;A模式较B模式能够显著降低矮棵作物花生和大豆的病虫害发生率。玉米产量顺序为A1模式>A3模式>A2模式>B1模式。A模式较B模式,矮棵作物(花生、谷子、大豆)产量略有降低,但减产幅度均<5%,差异不显著。从经济效益分析,A1模式和B2模式的经济效益较高。由此认为,A1模式和B2模式表现较好,适宜在风沙半干旱区推广应用。

The effects of seven fruit-crop compound planting modes on the diseases and pests of crops and economic benefit were studied in the south of Horqin sandland.The results showed that the order of the incidence and index of maize diseases and pests was almond-apricot//maize//almond-apricot（B1）almond-apricot//millet/maize/millet//almond-apricot（A2）almond-apricot//soybean/maize/soybean//almond-apricot（A3） almond-apricot//peanut/maize/peanut//almond-apricot（A1）.The model A could significantly decrease the incidence of diseases and pests in peanut and soybean than model B.The order of maize yield was A1A3A2B1.The model A could reduce the yield of peanut,millet and soybean.The economic benefits of model A1 and B2 were higher,which were suitable for applying in sandy and semi arid regions.