四川盆地丘陵地区油菜品种的生态适应性研究

Study on Ecological Adaptability of Rape Varieties in Hilly Area of Sichuan Basin

以生产中种植面积较大的12个双低油菜品种为材料,分析其在稻田和旱地的生态适应性和产量,研究四川丘陵地区不同油菜品种的增产潜力和生态适应性。结果表明,稻田生境下,绵油11、川油58的产量较高,分别为2696.25、2552.85 kg hm-2,比稻田油菜平均产量增产17.61%和11.36%。其中,绵油11的生育期238 d,抗倒伏性强,抗病虫能力较强。川油58的生育期233d,抗倒伏性强,抗菌核病能力最强,抗蚜虫能力较强。旱地生态环境下,绵油11、川油58的产量较高,分别为3091.75、3054.95 kghm-2,较旱地油菜平均产量增产14.94%和13.58%。其中,绵油11的生育期232 d,抗倒伏能力一般,抗菌核病能力较差,抗蚜虫能力较差。川油58的生育期230 d,抗倒伏能力强,抗菌核病能力最强,抗蚜虫能力一般。在四川盆地丘陵地区,稻田油菜品种可选择绵油11和川油58,旱地油菜品种可选择川油58。针对不同生态环境区选用适宜的油菜品种并采取相应的防治措施对促进四川盆地丘陵地区油菜生产的发展具有重要的意义。

Using twelve different double-low rapeseed varieties which were planted in extensive planting areas as materials,of which the ecological adaptability and yield were analyzed in rice paddy field and dry land,meanwhile,the increasing yield potential ability and ecological adaptability of rape was studied in the Hilly Area of Sichuan basin.The results showed that in the rice paddy field,the yield of Mianyou 11 and Chuanyou 58 were higher than others,which were 2696.25,2552.85 kg hm-2,increasing 17.61 % and 11.36 % than the average yield of rice paddy field,respectively.The growth period of Mianyou 11 was 238 days,the resistivities of lodging level,plant diseases and insect pests were stronger;the growth period of Chuanyou 58 was 233 days,the resistivities of lodging level and plant diseases were the strongest,the resistivities of insect pests were stronger.In the dry land,the yield of Mianyou 11 and Chuanyou 58 were higher than others,which were 3091.75 and 3054.95 kg hm-2,increasing 14.94 % and 13.58 % than the average yield of dry land,respectively.The growth period of Mianyou 11 was 232 days,the resistivities of lodging level was ordinary,the resistivities of resistivities of plant diseases and insect pests were inferior.The growth period of Mianyou 11 was 232 days,the resistivity of lodging level was ordinary,the resistivities of resistivities of plant diseases and insect pests were inferior;the growth period of Chuanyou 58 was 230 days,the resistivities of lodging level and plant diseases were the strongest,the resistivity of insect pests was ordinary.Therefore,in the Hilly Area of Sichuan Basin,Mianyou 11 and Chuanyou 58 should be chosen in rice paddy field,and Chuanyou 58 in dry land,high yield could be achieved through the appropriate rapeseed varieties and adopting preventive measure according to the different ecological habitats.