沂蒙山区费县祊河流域土壤侵蚀初步研究

Soil Erosion of Benghe Watershed in Feixian County of Yimeng Mountainous Region

以山东沂蒙山区费县祊河流域为研究对象,全面收集研究区气候、地形、土壤、社会经济等资料,并通过大量现场调查,以通用土壤流失方程(USLE)为基础,运用G IS技术生成降雨侵蚀力因子(R)、土壤可侵蚀因子(K)、坡度和坡长因子(LS)、水土保持措施因子(P)、植被与经营管理因子(C)图;应用ArcG IS的空间叠加分析功能,建立了土壤侵蚀量的空间分布数据库;用建立的土壤侵蚀预测模型估算了流域土壤侵蚀总量与侵蚀模数。研究表明:微度侵蚀面积占整个流域面积的79.57%,尽管其侵蚀量仅占总侵蚀量的2.84%,但存在进一步恶化的趋势;研究区土壤侵蚀面积、侵蚀模数、侵蚀量均呈现出减小趋势,说明水土保持工作取得了成效。本研究为沂蒙山区开展水土保持工作提供了数据支持和决策依据。

By taking Benghe Watershed in Yimeng Mountainous region of Shandong Province as a study object,the paper collects the overall data of climate,topography,soil,social and economic conditions.It produces a drawing of rainfall eroding force factor(R),soil erodibility factor(K),slope and slope length factor(LS),soil and water conservation factor(P) and crop management factor(C) through on-the-spot survey and GIS techniques,by taking Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE) as a base.It builds a data bank of soil erosion spatial distribution by applying the function of spatial overlay analysis of ArcGIS and estimates the total quantity of soil erosion and erosion modulus of the watershed by using the soil erosion predictive model.The outcomes show that: a) the area of slight erosion makes up 79.56% of the total watershed.Although the amount of slight erosion only occupies 3.48% of the total,it still has the trend of further worsening and;b) the area of soil erosion,erosion modulus and quantity of soil erosion of the study area all have the trend of reduction,showing remarkable effect of soil and water conservation work.The study has provided basic data support and basis of decision-making for carrying out soil and water conservation work in Yimeng Mountainous region.