水文循环、生态环境和气候变化

The Hydrologic Cycle,Ecological Environment and Climate Changes

以大量研究成果和数据为依据,指出了一个多世纪以来,由于世界人口激增,发展经济过度依赖矿石燃料,为增加农作物的产量大量施用氮肥,砍伐森林、占用草场以用于农业生产等,使自然界碳、氮元素的生物地理化循环逐渐远离平衡状态,地球表面水文循环、淡水质量发生明显变化等严重状况。阐述了现代社会对水资源的依赖性,水的供应对气候因素的依赖性,粮食生产对水和气候因素的依赖性,解释了人类为获得淡水资源和宜居的生存环境,与天然和人类活动引起的气候变化问题有着密不可分的内在联系。深刻认识到碳、氮的循环破坏与适宜各类生物栖息地的丢失密切相关;充分认识到开发清洁新能源、发展可持续性农业,应从源头逆转全球气候变化趋势的必要性和紧迫性。

Based on the numbers of research achievements and data analysis,this paper demonstrated following issues.During the past century,owing to the world population rapid growth,economic development excessively relying on fossil fuels,over-application of nitrogen fertilizer for increased crop yield,felling forest and employing grass for agricultural production,our planet has arisen serious situation that the global carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles have strayed far from their steady states,and the hydrologic cycle and fresh water quality is occurring obvious changes on the earth＇s surface.It clarifies the ever-growing dependence of water resources,water supply on climatic factors,food production on water and climatic factors,accounts for the very close linkage between modern problems of supplying fresh water and good for residence to humankind and problems of natural and anthropogenic changes in climate.It is necessary to profound understand that the intimate connections between perturbing the carbon and nitrogen cycles and less desirable of various organisms habitat.Humanity has to fully perceive that essentiality and imminencility of exploiting new clean energy,of developing sustainability agriculture,of reversing the global climate changes from fountainhead.