商标合理使用:理论探赜与我国制度建构

Fair Use of Trademark: Theory and Chinese System Construction

作为商标侵权的一种抗辩事由,合理使用理论产生于美国1946年《兰哈姆法》的规定,成形于1992年"街边新仔"一案的判决。此后,在"海滩男孩"案的判决中,商标合理使用理论得到发展与完善。美国的立法与判例确立了两类商标合理使用,即"第一含义合理使用"与"第二含义合理使用",两者适用的对象不同、构成的要件不一。商标合理使用制度应当在我国《商标法》中予以确立,具体来说,首先要区分两类合理使用行为,然后再对其适用对象与构成要件分别作出明确规定。

As a defense to a trademark infringement claim,the concept of fair use,originating from The Lanham Act,took shape in the decision of ＂New kids in the Block＂ in 1992.After that,the theory of fair use had been developed and improved in the decision of ＂Beach Boys＂.American legislation and cases established two kinds of fair use in trade marks： first fair use and second fair use with different applicative objects and constitutive conditions.The fair use should be ascertained by our trademark law.To be specific,it is important to distinguish two kinds of fair use and then respectively regulate the applicative objects and constitutive conditions.