惯用句「首になる」之探究

A Study on the Idiomatic Expression 「首になる」

在日语中,有许多惯用句,其语意微妙,用法特殊。这些惯用句往往有一定的语源,对初学者而言,了解其语源有助于更准确灵活地应用这些惯用句。以「首になる」为例来探究其语源和基本语意,「首になる」源于古代日本社会,当时被解雇的人常常用"卷铺盖"一词来代替「首になる」;在现代,其语意为"被辞退、被解雇、被开除、被炒鱿鱼"。在此基础上,进一步探究「会社を首になる」中助词「ヲ」用法,助词「ヲ」不仅可以置于他动词之前,而且也可以置于自动词之前。

There are many idiomatic expressions in Japanese with subtle semantic meanings and special usages. These idiomatic expressions always have their etymologies. Therefore, having a knowledge of these etymologies is helpful for the beginners of Japanese to use these expressions accurately and flexibly. This thesis takes the idiomatic expression [首になゐ] as an example to trace the etymologies of idiomatic expressions and to explore their basic semantic meanings. The expression[首になゐ] derives from ancient Japanese society and people who got fired used it at that time to mean ＂pack up and quit＂. In modem sense, it means ＂been dismissed from one＇s job＂. Based on this, the thesis will make a further survey on the uses of the auxiliary word[ヲ]in the sentence [会社な首になゐ].[ヲ]can be put in front of transitive verbs. So can it be put in front of intransitive verbs.