试论满族萨满教与科尔沁博的起源

On Origin of Manchu Shamanism and Horqin Bo

满族和蒙古族在历史上都信仰过萨满教。满族萨满教源远流长、内涵丰富,且十分典型,是满族传统文化的根基。科尔沁博是起源于蒙古原始氏族社会的蒙古博在内蒙古科尔沁地区的流传与保留形式,是蒙古族最早信奉的一种原始多神教,有些学者也称其为"萨满教"。通过对二者研究概况及名称来源的探讨,可使我们了解到满族萨满教与科尔沁博各自保留的原始宗教信仰的基本特征。为适应时代的发展,满族萨满教与科尔沁博都不同程度地发生了变化,这种变化表现在其地区性、民族性及表现形式等诸多方面。

Both Manchu and Mongolian believed in Shamanism historically.With a long history and attractive content,Manchu Shamanism is the basis of Manchu traditional culture typically.Being a multi-religion believed by Mongolian in the earliest period,Horqin Bo which is called Shamanism by some scholars is Mongolian Bo＇s preserving and spreading in Horqin area in Inner Mongolia.We could understand that Manchu Shamanism and Horqin Bo have their own features of traditional religions separately through study on their origin of names and researching background.Manchu Shamanism and Horqin Bo had changed inordinately so as to adapt to the development of times.These changes showed provincialism,national traits,and manifestation at all points.