猴祖崇拜:夏国号本义新解

Monkey Ancestral Worship:New Interpretation of Original Meaning of Dynasty Name of Xia

夏国号为大禹所封。大禹之所以将国号定为"夏"是因为其血脉中流淌着羌文化的血液。夏王朝的主要部族是羌。古羌人认为自己由猴子进化而来,以猴为原生图腾,以羊为次生图腾。中华民族世称"黄帝子孙"。黄帝又名轩辕。轩辕为复姓,"轩"为"夏"或"猨"之音变,轩辕之名源于夏猨猴,以猴为原生图腾。大禹是"黄帝之玄孙",也以猴为原生图腾。"大禹出于西羌"。"西羌"即"西戎",合称"羌戎"。戎即狨,狨为猴;禹即禺,禺为猴;"夏"字的本义亦为猴。因此"夏禹国"在确定国号时以"猴"为徽。"夏"国号作为时代的记录不仅突出了大禹"主盟"(华夏酋邦时代的部落联盟)的丰功伟绩,也积淀了猴祖图腾崇拜的原始文化记忆。这就是"禹"与"夏"互为彰显的图腾信仰和"夏禹"与"禹夏"互为一体的历史缘故。启沿袭了禹时期的国号"夏",不仅体现了历史转折时期的过渡性政治需要,也凝含了光宗耀祖的原始文化胎记,并藉象征权力的"夏"徽继承禹主盟华夏部落联盟期间的至尊权力而巩固新政权。

The dynasty name of Xia was given by Dayu,who was descended from Qiang,the main tribe of Xia Dynasty.Ancient Qiang people thought that they were evolved from monkeys,and took monkey as primary totem,sheep as secondary totem.Chinese nation is called descendants of Huangdi,whose another name is Xuanyuan,a double family name.Xuanyuan took monkey as the original totem.Dayu,a great-great-grandson of Huangdi,also took monkey as totem.He was stemmed from Xiqiang or Xirong,namely Qiangrong.The original meaning of Rong was monkey;Yu,meant monkey;and the original meaning of Xia was monkey,too.Therefore,Xia Dynasty took monkey as the emblem.Xia,the dynasty name,a mirror of era,not only highlighted the great achievements of Dayu Master League（Chinese tribal chiefdom union）,but also accumulated the ancestral memory of original culture of monkey totem worship.This is the reason why Yu and Xia showed each other totem beliefs and why Yu and Xia was the same thing in history.Qi inherited the name Xia,which not only embodied the transitional political needs of historical turning point,but also condensed the primitive cultural birthmark which brought honor to ancestors.Xia,a symbol of power,was taken as a tool to strengthen his power and consolidate new power by Qi.