烟碱依赖和祛烟碱依赖研究进展

Progress of nicotine dependence and cessation

烟草依赖有多种因素,如心理因素,环境因素和生理因素等,其中的物质基础是烟草中的烟碱与脑中烟碱受体的相互作用。目前对烟碱依赖的治疗方法包括药物治疗如烟碱替代疗法的烟碱贴剂、口胶、鼻喷雾剂和吸入剂等,采用乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)抑制剂药物治疗,心理治疗、针灸和中药治疗等,这些方法表现出不同程度的祛烟瘾效果。本文就烟碱依赖和祛烟碱依赖的研究进展做一综述。

Cigarette smoking is one of the major risk factors for a series of life threatening diseases.However,quitting cigarette smoking has never been easy in 500 years history of tobacco use.The critical reason is nicotine addiction. The key to solve this problem is nicotine cessation.Multiple reasons,such as psychological,environmental,physiological and other,factors,cause tobacco addiction.The physical basis of these factors is the interaction of nicotine and acetylcholine receptors（nAChR） in smokers＇ brains.Current smoking cessation methods including medical therapy,such as nicotine replacement therapy（NRT）,nAChR partial agonists and antagonists,psychological therapy,acupuncture and Chinese herb therapy,have been shown to help some smokers quitting with advantages and disadvantages.This paper reviews the progresses of study on nicotine dependence and smoking cessation.