高盐度潜水蒸发试验研究现状及展望

Research Progress and Prospect on Evaporation from Highly Salty Phreatic Water

多年来,许多专家学者对干旱区潜水蒸发的机理和规律做了大量研究工作,并取得了明显进展。但这些传统意义上的蒸发研究均未考虑潜水矿化度对潜水蒸发的影响,将在淡水条件下得出的潜水蒸发有关参数直接用于极端干旱区高盐度潜水蒸发的计算必将产生偏差。虽然部分学者注意到矿化度对于潜水蒸发的影响,但开展的研究只限于一般矿化度（小于10 g/L）范围,极端干旱区高盐度（10-300 g/L）潜水蒸发的实验研究几乎是空白,机理研究尚处于起步阶段,有以下几方面有待深入探讨：矿化度对毛细水上升高度及潜水蒸发影响的研究;高盐度潜水蒸发条件下的土壤水动力学参数率定（测定）和数值模拟研究;野外原位盐荒地潜水-土壤水水-盐运移规律与盐荒地水盐调控研究。

many researches have been done about the mechanis m and rule of phreatic water evaporation by other scholars and experts in arid area,since few years ago.meanwhile,so me obvious progress has been gotten.For the influence of mineral concentration on phreatic water evaporation has not been considered during these traditional researches,the deviation would be made when the para meters for fresh water evaporation were used directly for the phreatic water with high salinity in extre mely arid area.Although so me scholars noticed the influence of mineral concentration on the evaporation of phreatic water,the range of mineral concentration researched was no more than 10 g/L,and there are few experi ments about phreatic water evaporation with high salinity（10~300g/L） in extre mely arid area.The study for mechanis m is just in initial stage,there are so me further researches to need,such as,the influence of mineral concentration on the rise height of capillary and phreatic water evaporation;the method of measuring and verifying soil hydraulic para meters and nu merical si mulation under the condition of phreatic water evaporation with high salinity;the research on phreatic water,soil water,soil salt transport,and the adjusting and controlling soil water and salt in salty wasteland.