薰衣草和依兰精油通过嗅觉通路对正常成人血压的影响

Effects of inhaling the lavender and ylang essential oil via olfactory pathway on blood pressure in normotensive adults

目的探讨薰衣草和依兰精油对正常人血压的影响及其作用机制。方法 选择健康体检人群,经改良康涅狄格州化学感觉临床研究中心(CCCRC)嗅觉功能检查分为嗅觉正常组(n=32)和嗅觉缺失组(n=30),所有受试人员于受试第1、2、3天分别吸入蒸馏水、薰衣草精油和依兰精油30min,并测定吸入前后的平均动脉压(MAP)、血浆肾素活性(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅰ(AngⅠ)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)和醛固酮等指标。结果 嗅觉正常组吸入薰衣草精油10min后MAP下降,20min降到最低点,1h后血压逐渐回升。嗅觉正常组吸入薰衣草精油30min后血浆PRA、AngⅠ、AngⅡ和醛固酮均降低[分别为(0.85±0.59)比(2.29±1.25)μg/L,(2.70±1.30)比(5.13±3.94)μg/L,(80.0±47.6)比(141.4±115.7)ng/L,(395.8±86.8)比(523.2±112.8)pmol/L;均P<0.05]。吸入依兰精油和蒸馏水后上述指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。嗅觉缺失组吸入蒸馏水、薰衣草和依兰精油30min后MAP、血浆PRA、AngⅠ、AngⅡ和醛固酮与吸入之前相较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 单次吸入薰衣草精油30min可降低正常人群血压2h,与其降低血浆PRA、AngⅠ、AngⅡ和醛固酮浓度有关。依兰精油和蒸馏水对正常人群MAP、血浆PRA、AngⅠ、AngⅡ和醛固酮的浓度无影响。

Objective To observe the effects of inhaling lavender essential oil and ylang essential oil on blood pressure in normal people and mechanisms thereof. Methods Sixty-two subjects undergoing routine medical check-up were divided into the group with normal olfactory function（n=32） and anosmia group（n=30） by the CCCRC （connecticut clinical research center of chemical sense） olfactory testing method. All the subjects inhaled distilled water, lavender essential oil and ylang essential oil for 30 minutes on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd testing day, respectively. We measured their mean arterial pressure（MAP）, plasma rennin activity （PRA）, angiotensin Ⅰ（Ang Ⅰ ）, angiotensin Ⅱ（Ang Ⅱ ） and aldosterone concentration. Results In the group with normal olfactory function, MAP decreased after 10 min inhalation of lavender essential oil, dropped to the lowest point after 20 minutes, and continued to rise again gradually after 1 hour. The levels of plasma PRA, Ang Ⅰ , Ang Ⅱ and aldosterone level were decreased 30 minutes after the administration of lavender essential oil [ （0.85±0.59） vs （2. 294±1.25）μg/L, （2.70± 1.30） vs （5.13±3.94）μg/L, （80.0±47.6） vs （141.4±115.7）ng/L, （395.8±86.8） vs （523.2±112.8）pmol/L; all P〈0.05]. No statistically signigicant differences were observed in relation to the levels of the above factors before and after the subjects breathed in ylang essential oil and distilled water （P〉0.05）. In anosmia group, MAP, plasma PRA, Ang I , Ang U and aldosterone showed no marked differences after the subjects inhaled distilled water, essential oil and distilled water for 30 minutes （P^0.05）. Conclusion A single 30min inhalation of lavender essential oil may reduce blood pressure in normal population for 2 hours, which is related to the decrease in PRA, Ang Ⅰ , Ang Ⅱ and aldosterone concentration. Ylang essential oil and distilled water have no effect on the levels of MAP, plasma PRA, Ang Ⅰ, Ang Ⅱ and aldosterone in normal people.