从《国语》看先秦汉语词素的发展

A Study on the Development of Pre-Qin Morpheme in Guoyu

通过对《国语》词素穷尽性的考察,文章从三个方面分析了先秦汉语词素的发展情况:1)成词和构词的功能分化,将其词素分为专职成词、专职构词以及兼职词素三种类型;2)词素义的发展,尤其对兼职词素的词素义进行了多方面的描写;3)词素系统的发展。先秦汉语词素的发展主要表现在原有词素类型的发展和新词素类型的出现两个方面,文章重点探讨了词缀、合成词素和非词词素,它们在汉语史上都是从先秦开始逐渐发展起来的。

After an exhaustive investigation of the morphemes in Guoyu,the variety of Pre-Qin morpheme is analyzed from three aspects： The first is functional differentiation of being-words and structuring-words.The three types of morphemes include the morpheme only for being words,only for structuring words and concurrent morpheme.The second is the developing of morpheme meaning.The meaning of concurrent morphemes is examined from multiple aspects.The third is the evolving of the morpheme system,which includes the changing of original morpheme types and the emerging of new morpheme types.The affix,compound-morpheme and un-being-word morpheme are targeted,which were all initiated and developed from Pre-Qin.