话题标记与句类限制

Topic Markers and Their Occurrence Constraints in Differing Sentence Types

文章考察汉语话题标记进入四大句类的情况。话题标记可以出现在常规陈述句和祈使句中;不能在话题和述题易位的陈述句以及所有类型的疑问句里使用;话题标记在感叹句里的使用呈现出一定的方言差异。借助与日语、韩语及少数藏缅语言的相关现象的比较分析,文章认为汉语中被称为"话题标记"的语法成分并非实至名归的话题标记,而属于"话题-确定性述谓结构标记"。

The present study concerns the use of topic markers（TM） in the four major ＂sentence types＂ classified in terms of mood.TMs can go to canonical declarative sentences,marking the topicality of the topics,whereas in the declaratives with the inversed ＂comment-topic＂ ordering and in the whole class of interrogatives TMs find no place.The application of TMs in exclamative sentences,although prohibited mostty,varies greatly among different dialects.The article also conducts the comparison and analysis regarding the correspondent phenomena in Japanese,Korean,and some Tibeto-Burman languages,and concludes that the so-termed ＂topic markers＂ in Chinese are not exactly topic markers.Instead,they are by their nature the ＂topic-comment structure markers＂,with the comments conveying certain proposition or command.