试论三桓世卿的性质及其对鲁国的影响

Study on the Nature of SanHuan Politics and Its Influence on the State of Lu

以"三桓"势力为代表的鲁国世卿是春秋中后期政治权力下移的典型代表,其崛起与专权对鲁国政治格局产生了重要影响。三桓得以在鲁国政坛盛久不衰,得益于宗法继承制下的"大宗不可绝"原则。从其性质上来说,三桓代表的是宗法原则下的旧贵族势力,其强大及专权在一定程度上有利于鲁国内部的稳定,却在时代剧变中缺乏与时俱进的革新动力,可以说,其长期专政阻碍了鲁国国力的提升。

Represented by the ＂SanHuan＂ force,Shiqing in the state of Lu was a typical representative of the moving down of political rights in the middle and late Spring and Autumn period.Its rise and autocracy had a significant influence on the political pattern of Lu.The flourishing of ＂SanHuan＂ in Lu＇s political arena benefited from the principle of inheritance system—＂the lineage of the earliest ancestor and the first wife＇s first son shouldn＇t be abolished＂.In the view of its nature,the ＂SanHuan＂ represented the force of old noblemen under the patriarchal clan system.On one hand,its strongness and autocracy to some degree,was favorable towards the stability of Lu;on the other hand,it lacked force for innovation in the upheaval and in turn obstructed the development of Lu＇s national power.