大麦冷害的生理敏感期和气候关键期

A STUDY THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SUSCEPTIBLE PERIOD TO COLD TEMPERATURE AND THE CLIMATIC CRITICAL PERIOD OF THE CHILLINC INJURY OF BARLEY

采用田间和人工模拟低温,对大麦冷害的生理敏感期、气候关键期和导致冷害的主导气候因子进行了研究。结果表明,大麦对低温最敏感的时段为孕穗前5天,叶耳距为-0.8～0.0cm,即幼穗进入减数分裂始期至四分体时期。该期的平均最低气温和平均气温是造成冷害的主导气候因子。最高气温具有缓解冷害危害的作用。2月下旬至3月中旬为重庆地区出现大麦低温冷害的气候关键期。

The physiological susceptible period to cold temperature,thecritical period of the climtae and the leading climatic factors of thechilling injury of barley have been studied by means of the fieldexperiment and artificial simulated cold temperature test.The resultsshow that the most sensitive period of the chilling injury to the barleyis in the five days before boot stage,at this time the growth of theyoung ears steps into the period from meiosis to tetrad.Mean tempera-ture and mean minimum temperature in this period are the main climaticfactors leading to the chilling injury.The higher maximum temperaturecan reduce the level of the chilling injury.The time from the lasteight-days of Feb.to the middle ten-days of March in Chongqing is thecritical period of the chilling injury of barley.