行人头部冲击载荷下风挡玻璃的模拟和试验验证

Simulation and test validation of windshield subject to pedestrian head impact

行人头部和风挡玻璃的碰撞是造成行人严重受伤和死亡的重要原因。本文进行了行人头部模块冲击风挡玻璃的有限元模拟和试验验证。有限元模型采用壳单元和体单元分别代表风挡玻璃的各夹层结构,假设中间夹层聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)薄膜不失效,玻璃层采用最大主应变准则模拟其失效。运用头部伤害指标(HIC),将有限元模拟结果与欧洲新车评价规程(Euro NCAP)行人头部模块撞击风挡玻璃试验进行对比分析。结果表明:从HIC值和撞击裂纹产生的范围来看,本模拟方法可以较准确地预测行人头部受伤程度和风挡玻璃的失效模式,可为安全评价和车辆开发提供借鉴。

A Finite Element （FE） model is established to simulate the pedestrian head impact with windshield, which is one of the major reasons for pedestrian severe injury or fatality. In the FE model, shell and solid elements represented different layers of a windshield. Major strain principal was used to deal with the failure of glass and no failure was assumed for the PVB interlayer. The simulation results were validated by the European New Car Assessment Program （Euro NCAP） pedestrian head-to-shield impact tests using the Head Injury Criterion （HIC）. The HIC value and windshield crack range show that the modeling method can effectively predict the pedestrian head injury and the failure pattern of windshield. This will be helpful for pedestrian safety evaluation and automotive development.