摘要
我国在入世议定书中做出的承诺,包含了在WTO项下应当承担的义务,也包含了WTO条约之外的"超WTO义务"。但WTO条约与我国入世议定书中都没有规定GATT例外可否适用于我国入世议定书。在我国应诉的汽车零件案与市场准入案中,DSB创造了相关的规则:当我国入世议定书中的承诺与GATT条文重合时,无需另行讨论"适用问题";当涉诉问题为我国承担的"超WTO义务"时,应当考量该义务与货物贸易之间是否存在清晰、客观的联系,以及拒绝适用GATT例外是否会侵犯我国在GATT项下的权利。在我国正在应诉的稀有资源出口限制争端中,我国又将面临"适用问题"。我国应当将涉案措施合理分类,科学采用诉讼策略。这不仅有利于维护我国的国家利益,也将对其他发展中国家有积极影响。
The commitments China made in the Accession Protocol contained duties assumed under WTO texts as well as ＂WTO- plus＂ obligations. However, neither the WTO texts nor the Protocol stipulated the applicability of GATT XX to the Protocol. In DS309 and DS363, DSB created relevant rules： When the commitments of China in the Protocol are symmetric to the texts of GATT, there＇s no need to discuss the question of applicability. When the issue in hand concerns ＂WTO-plus＂ obligations, it＇s necessary to consider whether or not that duty is clearly and intrinsically related to trade of goods, as well as the question that whether rejecting the applicability of GATT XX will infringe China＇s rights under GATT. In DS394, which China is undergoing lawsuit, there once again is the question of applicability. We should scientifically categorize the relevant issues in the case and apply different strategies thereof. This not only is beneficial for China＇s national interests, but has a positive effect over other developing countries as well.
