农业文化遗产地旅游社区潜力研究——以浙江省青田县为例

The community potential for tourism development in agricultural heritage sites: A case study of Qingtian County

社区是农业文化遗产传承的载体,也是其保护的重要主体,社区参与对于农业文化遗产保护和可持续利用具有重要作用。本文以农业文化遗产地动态保护和适应性管理的主要方式——旅游为切入点,探讨农业文化遗产地旅游发展社区参与潜力及其空间分布特征。研究表明:(1)结构方程模型和"态度-行为"矩阵是科学评价农业文化遗产地旅游社区潜力的新方法;(2)农业文化遗产地旅游社区潜力在空间上呈现出明显的距离衰减趋势,在GIS空间分析技术支持下可实现社区潜力在空间上的尺度转换;(3)青田案例发现,当前"稻鱼共生"系统农业文化遗产地社区潜力较高,村级尺度到乡镇尺度的转换结果与现实情况具有较高符合度。本文可为农业文化遗产保护和农业文化遗产地旅游发展提供科学支撑。

This paper is Presented based on a program known as Globally Important Agri cultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS）, initiated in 2002 by the Food and Agriculture Organ ization of the United Nations （FAO）. Five traditional agricultural pilot sites at global scale were selected to be the GIAHS initiatives in 2005, including the Rice-Fish system in Longxian Village of Qingtian County, Zhejiang Province, China. Two new pilot sites were listed by FAO in 2010 and there would be more systems in the inventory in the future. The key objective of the program is to conserve the traditional agricultural systems and its biodiversity and cultural diversity in a dynamic way. Since GIAHS is different from the world cultural heritage and natural heritage and it focuses more on the co-evolution of human beings and nature and the livelihood of the local community, the local participation in the agricultural heritage sites is of great importance to the conservation of agricultural heritage and tourism development. Hence, evaluating the community potential on the agricultural heritage conservation and tourism development in a scientific way is the basis of the dynamic conservation and adaptive management of the GIAHS. By using the structural equation modeling （SEM） approach and establishing the ＂ attitude-behavior＂ model, this paper tries to assess the community potential in agricultural heritage sites and also to realize the scale change from village level to county level in line with the distance reduction rule, in order to lay the basis for the agricultural heritage dy namic conservation and adaptive management. The study showed： 1） SEM and the ＂attitude--behavior＂ model are the new methods of evaluating the tourism community potential in agricultural heritage sites; 2） There is an obvious spatial distance reduction of the corn munity potential by GIS assistance; 3） The case study indicated that the tourism communi ty potential is high in Qingtian County and the scale change from village level to county level is effective, but obviously, the good perception and attitude do not make sure of the sufficient community participation behavior, and the gap still need to be filled in the development process.