摘要头颈肿瘤学形成只有半个多世纪的历史,经过两代医师的努力和探索研究,临床疗效不断提高,但由于头颈肿瘤患者不多,人们(医师和患者同样)对头颈肿瘤学的认识深度不足,存在的问题还不少。头颈部肿瘤发病率不高。美国SEER(Sunreillance,Epi({emiologv and End Results,)统计17地区资料,2003—2007年,全身恶性肿瘤年发病率461.6/10万,其中头颈部26.1。
5Fu KK, Pajak TE, Trotti A, et al. A radiation therapy ontology group (RTOG) phase Ⅲ randomized study to compare hyperfractionation and two variants of accelerated fractionation to standard fractionation radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: first report of RTOG 9003 [J] . Int J Radiat Oncol Biiol Phys, 2000, 48:7 - 16.
6Johansen LV, Gmu C, Overgaard JI. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx- an analysis of treatment results in 289 consecutive patients[J]. Aeta Oncol, 2000, 39:985 - 994.
7Nathu RM, Mancuso AA, Zhu TC,et al. The impact of primary tumor volume on local control for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with radiotherapy[J]. Head Neck, 2000, 22:1-5.
8Lindelv B, Hansen HS. The impact of lymph node metastases on the results of treatment by primary radiotherapy and secondary surgery in oropharyngeal cancer [J]. Acta Oncol, 1995, 34:965 -968.
9Forastiere AA. Head and neck cancer: overview of recent developments and future directions [J]. Semin Oncol, 2000, 27,suppl 8:1 -4.
10屠规益,Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,1988年,114卷,328页
1SRIDHAR P, MERCIER G, TAN J, et al. FDG PET meta- bolic tumor volume segmentation and pathologic volume of primary human solid tumors [J]. Am J Roentgenol, 2014, 202(5) :1114-1119.
2EL-BAZ A, BEACHE G M, GIMEL'FARB G, et al. Com- puter-aided diagnosis systems for lung cancer: challenges and methodologies [EB/OL] [2012-12-20]. http://dx, doi. org/ 10. 1155/2013/942353.
3EI-DAHSHAN E S A, MOHSEN H M, REVET K, et al. Computer-aided diagnosis of human brain tumor through MRI: A survey and a new algorithm [J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2014, 41 (11)..5526-5545.
4LI C, XU C, GUI C, et al. Level set evolution without re-ini- tialization: a new variational formulation[C]// Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Washington DC, USA: 2005:430-436.
5LI C, XU C, GUI C, et al. Distance regularized level set evo- lution and its application to image segmentation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2010, 19 (12): 3243- 3254.
6LIU J, UDUPA J K, SAHA P K, et al. Rigid model-based 3D segmentation of the bones of joints in MR and CT images for motion analysis[J]. MedicalPhysics, 2008, 35(8):3637- 3649.
7UDUPA J K, LEBLANC V R, ZHUGE Y, et al. A frame- work for evaluating image segmentation algorithms [J]. Corn- put Med Imaging Graph, 2006. 30 (2):75-87.
8Mayr N A, Taoka T, Yuh W T, et al. Method and timing of tumor volume measurement for outcome prediction in cervical cancer using magnetic resonance imaging [J]. Im J Radiat Oneol Biol Phys, 2002, 52 (1):14- 22.