矛盾的心理 压抑的人生——从经济独立性角度评《菊》中女性精神追求的失败

Ambivalence and Repression——An Analysis on the Failure of Women Spiritual Pursuit of the Chrysanthemums from the Standpoint of Economic Independence

美国著名作家斯坦贝克的短篇小说《菊》自发表以来,对其表达的主题各方评论家自始至终都存在争议,有的从性需求的角度分析,有的从女权主义者的角度阐述,有的从精神领域的宣泄解释,这些评论或解释应该都是正确的,但笔者认为仅仅将伊丽莎精神追求的失败归结于上述原因,是不能解释斯坦贝克认为的"说不出的深刻"的内涵,而这一内涵就是20世纪30年代被忽视、被压迫的美国女性所不具备的经济独立性,这才是导致当时社会女性精神追求完全被忽略甚至被反对这一悲剧现实的根本原因。

There are always arguments on the thesis of the Chrysanthemums written by famous American writer John Steinbeck.Some critics analyzed the novel from the sexual needs standpoint,some from the feminism view point,others focused on the aspect of Catharsis.However,all these opinions could hardly explain the failure of Elisa＇s spiritual pursuit which was endowned by Steinbeck with nondescript profound connotation.This article puts forward the idea that ＂nondescript profound connotation＂ refers to economic independence which was badly needed by the American women in the 1930s and it also should be the basic reason to explain the failure of Elisa＇s spiritual pursuit.