骑士精神的没落与小人物的崛起——从《小癞子》看16世纪西班牙的社会现实

Decline of Spanish Chivalry and the Rise of Small Potatoes——Social Reality in the 16th Century Spain Reflected in Vida de Lazarillo del Tormes y de sus fortunas Y adversidades

16世纪中叶流浪汉小说率先崛起于西班牙,这与当时的社会现实密不可分。曾经风靡一时的骑士文学已经无法满足读者的精神需求,作家们将目光投射到底层社会的小人物身上,充满鲜明现实主义特色和人文主义思想的流浪汉小说应运而生。小说《小癞子》开创了流浪汉小说的先河。流浪汉小说以一种崭新的叙事结构,展现了五光十色的现实生活画面,尤其是社会底层小人物的喜怒哀乐。小说透过下层民众的视角去观察和批判不合理的社会现状,给人们改变现实的思想启迪。

Picaresque novels grew out of the sixteenth century Spain.At that time,the once-popular literature of chivalry failed to meet the spiritual needs of the readers of the day.Thus,writers redirected their focus on the insignificant group and produced many famous picaresque novels showing clear realism and humanism.This paper explores the way that those novels reflected the social reality through a brief analysis of the lives of Spanish social classes.