智障青少年反应时与运动时特征及其影响因素

Research on Factors Affecting Reaction and Movement Time in Mental Retarded Children

反应时是一种可靠的心理活动指标，能反映人体神经与肌肉系统的协调性和快速反应能力。为探讨智障青少年这一特殊群体的反应时与运动时特征及其影响因素，本研究对190名10-21岁智障青少年进行了反应时与运动时的测定与分析。结果显示：智障青少年的反应时与运动时在青少年早期表现出随年龄增长而减少的趋势，具有明显年龄特征。智障青少年的反应时与运动时绝对值无明显性别差异，但其随年龄增长而发展的趋势存在较为显著的性别差异。智障青少年的反应时及运动时与其智商无显著相关关系。唐氏智障青少年的反应时特征与普通智障青少年存在差异，但罹患自闭症对智障青少年的反应时未产生影响。系统的运动训练使智障青少年的反应时与运动时缩短。

Reaction time is a reliable index of mental activity, and can reflect the coordination and quick reaction of body neuromuscular system. In order to discuss the factors affecting reaction and movement time of mental retarded children, this paper makes analysis on 190 mental retarded children age at 10-21. The result shows that the reaction and movement time tends to decrease with the age increase for mental retarded children at their early age, with significant age characteristics. There has no significant gender difference on absolute value of reaction and movement time for retarded children, but with the age increase, the developing trend shows the significant gender difference. No significant relationship between reaction time and IQ in mental retarded children. Reaction time in Down syndrome children is different from other mental retardation. But reaction time in autism children is not different from other mental retardation. Physical activity reduces the reaction time in mental retarded children.