硅基超分子识别材料在乏燃料后处理中的研究进展

Development of Silica-Based Supramolecular Recognition Materials in Reprocessing of Nuclear Spent Fuel

新材料与新技术被认为在先进核能系统中将发挥重要作用,其中基于超分子体系构筑的超分子识别材料是近年来受到广泛重视的新型功能材料之一,在乏燃料后处理领域显示出了非常明确的应用前景。本文综述了大孔硅基超分子识别材料在合成与表征、发热元素Sr(Ⅱ)、Cs(I)及共存元素吸附基础特性等方面的研究进展,分析了HNO3浓度、接触时间和修饰剂等因素对硅基超分子识别材料吸附性能的影响,评价了从模拟酸性高放废液中分离发热元素的SPEC色谱技术流程,同时评述了相近硅基材料的研究进展。

The new materials and new technologies are considered to play important roles in the advanced nuclear energy systems.Supramolecular recognition materials（SMRM） have received worldwide attention for several decades,and are becoming a hot research field in the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing.The research progress of the macroporous silica-based supramolecular recognition materials in spent fuel reprocessing are reviewed.The synthesis and characterization of silica-based supramolecular recognition materials and their respective adsorption properties for Cs（I）/Sr（Ⅱ） are summarized.The effects of various factors on the adsorption of the silica-based supramolecular recognition materials are evaluated.The SPEC process for strontium/cesium partitioning by extraction chromatography was discussed.It is found that the extraction chromatography processes based on the silica-based supramolecular recognition materials have following advantages：（1） high separation efficiency and excellent selectivity,（2） a minimal organic solvent utilization and less waste accumulation,（3） compacted equipment and simple operation,and（4） a real ＂salt-free＂ treatment,etc.