摘要
洪泛平原淡水自然湿地对于生态多样性保护具有重要意义。当前自然湿地普遍面临气候变化与人类活动干扰和影响,其生态健康的状况令人担忧,结合新的地学信息技术探索自然湿地生态健康评价分析方法具有重要意义。选择位于三江平原东北部的洪河国家级自然保护区湿地及其周边农场湿地为研究区,依据遥感和地理信息系统技术支持,结合野外生态调查与水文气象监测数据,从水文地貌特征、景观特征和人类扰动3方面选取一系列评价指标因子,利用层次分析法和综合指数方法,对研究区湿地进行了定量生态健康分析评价。研究结果表明:(1)洪河自然保护区的湿地生态健康状况是最好的,其周边农场从鸭绿河农场、前锋农场到洪河农场的湿地生态健康状况依次递减。(2)洪河自然保护区功能分区生态健康状况由好到差的顺序为:核心区>缓冲区>实验区,与实际野外调查情况一致。(3)建立的评价指标体系和相应分析方法能够科学的评价湿地生态健康。评价分析结果显示水文地貌要素是影响湿地生态健康的关键性因素。利用RS和G IS技术与传统生态学评价分析方法结合,以栅格为单位基于区域生境特征进行湿地生态健康综合评价具有一定的方法先进性。
Wetland,which is described as a "Gene Pool of Natural Wildlife",plays a key role in natural resource management.And it is a vital component in the natural ecosystems with the title of the "kidney of the Earth".Fresh water wetlands in flooding plain are of great significance in protecting biodiversity.But natural wetland faces the threat of decrease and degradation due to the global climatic change and human disturbances all over the world.The area of wetlands decreased significantly after 1970 because of the regionally extensive agriculture development in Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China.Wetland ecological health assessment,as a key issue of the wetland research,is an important tool for wetland management.The ecological Assessment of the wetland health deals with multiple subjects,various methods and the scale exchange.It also helps us a better understanding of the ecological system structure and functional status of wetland.Due to the disturbances from both global climate change and human activities,wetland ecological health condition gets worse continuously.Hence,the health condition of these remained natural wetlands needs to be assessed urgently with the support of the updated geoinformatic technology.Due to the rapid decrease of the natural wetlands in Sanjiang Plain,authors selected the Honghe region in the northeast of Sanjiang Plain as the study area,which is the typical inland marsh and consists of the Honghe natural reserve,Honghe farm,Qianfeng farm and Yaluhe farm.A quantitative analysis method was proposed for assessment of the wetland ecological health in this paper based on integration of remote sensing images,digital elevation model,regional statistical data,meteorological monitoring data filed survey data and various indices of wetland ecological health condition.The Hierarchical indices consist of ten indicators mostly concerning three aspects of hydrogeomorphics,landscape characteristics and human disturbances.Hydrogeomorphic characteristic aspect includes the indicators of average annual rainfall,soil water content,spatial distance to a water body,geomorphological type;Landscape characteristic aspect includes four indicators of surrounding patch type,landscape type,marsh patch density,leaf area index;Human disturbance aspect includes two indicators of the distance to a road,distance to a farmland.The research area was divided into cell based assessing units according to the resolution of remote sensing images and GIS data.Based on which,wetland ecological health assessment was carried out using spatial overlaying methods.Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method was used for getting the calculation weight of each indicator.Then a comprehensive and quantitative index was defined and calculated at spatial grid level.Finally,the authors analyzed the spatial variations in the research area.The research results show:(1) Hydrogeomorphic characteristic is the key element that affects wetland ecological health conditions.(2) The health condition in Honghe National Nature Reserve takes the best ecological status.It decreased sequentially from good to bad within Yaluhe farm,Qianfeng farm and Honghe farm.(3) For the functional zones in Honghe National Nature Reserve,the ecological health condition in core zone is the best while the experimental zone is the worst.That is coincided with the actual condition tested by our field work.The paper shows that integration of geographical information system(GIS),remote sensing(RS) and traditional ecology methods is valuable of assessing wetland ecological health condition efficiently.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第13期3590-3600,共11页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(40871241)
国家863课题(2007AA12Z176)
中国科学院方向性项目(KZCX2-YW-Q06-03)
关键词
遥感
地理信息系统
湿地
生态健康评价
remote sensing
geographic information system
wetland
ecological health assessment