新疆野生沙枣仁中脂肪和蛋白质组分的研究

Research on Fat and Protein Components of Wild Elaeagnus angustifolia Seeds in Xinjiang

[目的]研究新疆野生沙枣仁中脂肪和蛋白质组分。[方法]采用气质联用法测定新疆野生沙枣仁油脂中脂肪酸的含量及组分;采用分级提取法分离沙枣仁中的蛋白质,并用半微量定氮法对蛋白质中的氨基酸组分进行分析。[结果]新疆野生沙枣仁的含油率为8.2%,以不饱和脂肪酸为主要成分,其中以亚油酸含量最高,为46.52%,其次为油酸,亚麻酸和硬脂酸。沙枣仁中粗蛋白平均含量为11.31%,其中以球蛋白和清蛋白为主,占蛋白质总量的70%以上,而残渣蛋白、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白含量比较低。沙枣仁蛋白质中含有18种氨基酸,其中天冬氨酸含量最高,为12.7%,其次为谷氨酸,占11.8%,酪氨酸为9.33%,亮氨酸为8.11%,赖氨酸为7.22%,精氨酸、丝氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸含量次之,组氮酸、蛋氨酸和胱氨酸含量最少。其中人体必需氨基酸含量达28.76%。[结论]新疆野生沙枣仁营养丰富,具有广阔的应用前景。

[ Objective] To investigate fat and protein components of wild Elaeagnus angustifolia seeds in Xinjiang. [ Method] The contents and components of fatty acids in the seeds of Elaeagnus angustifolia were deter mined by GC-MS, and the protein components in which was isolated by fractional extraction method then deter mined by semi micro - quantitative nitrogen method. [ Result ] Fat content of Elaeagnus angustifolia seeds was 8.20%, and the major components of which were linoleic acid （46.52%）, oleic acid （33.17%）, linolenic acid （9.21%） and stearic acid （5.31%）. The mean content of protein was 11.31% in the seeds of Elaeagnus anggustifolia. Globulin and albu rain were the major proteins in Elaeagnus angustifolia seeds, which accounted for 70% of the total, while the contents of residue protein, gliadin and glutenin were lower. There were 18 kinds of amino acids in the proteins of Elaeagnus angustifolia seeds, and the content of Asp was the highest （ 12.70% ）, Glu was the second one （ 11.80% ）, followed by Tyr （9.33%）, Leu （8.11% ）, Lys （7.22%）, and Arg, Ser, Ala, Val, His, Met and Cys, among which, essential a mino acids covered 28.76%. [ Conclusion] Elaeagnus angustifolia seed in Xinjiang is full of nutrients, which has promising future.