2010年辽阳市玉米减产的气象原因分析

Meteorological Reason Analysis of Maize Output Reduction in Liaoyang City in 2010

[目的]分析2010年辽阳市玉米减产的原因。[方法]利用距平、对比分析等方法,对2010年玉米生长季气温、降水、日照时数、玉米发育期、生育习性及历年同期资料进行分析,找出2010年玉米减产的不利气象条件,并提出了应对措施。[结果]2010年玉米减产的主要气象原因是春季多雨低温导致播期延迟,水分充足使营养生长过旺,提早形成田间郁蔽,影响通风透光;孕穗至吐丝期持续时间较长的阴雨寡照,使正常的光合作用和干物质积累过程受到阻碍,营养物质供应减缓,玉米不能正常孕穗、抽穗,开花授粉,出现了大面积空秆、秃尖及棒小等现象;8月份连遭暴雨袭击产生内涝,造成部分乡镇玉米减产或绝收。针对玉米减产的原因,可以从耕作方式、栽培手段等方面采取应对措施。[结论]该研究为政府和农业部门领导科学安排指挥农业生产,趋利避害,合理利用温、光、水资源,选用适宜的品种及栽培方式提供参考依据。

[ Objective] The aim was to analyze the maize output reduction in Liaoyang City in 2010. [ Method] By using anomaly and compara- tive analysis, the temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours during maize growing period, maize growth period, growth habit and contemporane- ous data of calendar year were analyzed, and found out the disadvantageous meteorological condition which result in maize output reduction this year. [ Result] The main meteorological reasons which result in maize output reduction this year are： sowing time was delayed by rainy and low temperature in spring; insufficient light from booting to spinning stage cannot make maize booting, flowering and pollination normally, which re- sult in the higher percent of empty pole and bald point; the inland inundation by virtue of continuous rainstorm in august made maize output re- duction or no yield in parts of villages. [Conclusion] The study will provide reference basis for reasonable utilizing temperature, light and water resource, selecting appropriate varieties and culture ways.