行带式沙蒿灌丛的防风阻沙效益模拟研究

Simulative Research on the Efficiency of the Belt of Artemisia ordosica Kraschen Shrub Forest on the Resistance to Wind and Sand

[目的]研究不同配置人工模拟行带式黑沙蒿防风阻沙效益的差异,为沙区人工植被建设以及荒漠生态系统的生态恢复提供理论依据。[方法]采用模拟试验的方法,模拟了3种不同配置的沙蒿灌丛,对其剖面风场以及输沙率进行观测。[结果]单行配置防风效能较低,双行和3行配置防风效能较高,且随着风速的增大,3种配置林带的防风效能都呈递减趋势。林带能有效增加粗糙度,在林带后的粗糙度呈递减趋势。从输沙率来看,双行和3行配置也优于单行。单行矮林在其背风面7H内都能减少风蚀,而双行和3行矮林在其背风面10H处都能有效减少输沙率,防控风蚀。[结论]在沙区沙蒿林营造中,生产配置上侧重双行一带的行带式配置,使其疏透度在45%左右,带距在7H～10H为宜。

[ Objective ] The theoretical basis of the construction of artificial vegetation and the ecological restoration in the desert ecosystem oi sandy region was provided through the research on the difference of the artificially simulative and various belt of Artemisia ordosica Kraschen shrub forests in the resistance to wind and sand. [ Method ] By means of the method of simulative experiment, the wind at profile and the transportation rate of sand of 3 differences of Artemisia ordosica Kraschen shrub forests was measured. [ Result] The resuh indicated that the resistance of one- line forest belt to wind to low and dual-line and 3-line one ,high. With the wind speed-increasing,the resistance of 3 types of forest belts was de- creased. In the transportation rate of sand, the performance of dual-line and 3-line forest belt was also superior to one-line one. The wind erosion could be reduced by one-line dwarf forest belt at 7H in leeward side and the transportation rate of sand could be effectively reduced by dual-line and 3-line forest belt at 10H in leeward side for the control of wind erosion. [ Conclusion] The dual-line belt of Artemisia ordosica Kraschen shrub forests with the porosity of about 45% and the planting distance of 7H - 10H was appropriate in construction of its artificial vegetation.