青贮玉米育种材料的筛选分析及其遗传研究

Screening and Genetic Characteristics of Breeding Materials of Silage Corn

[目的]分析玉米自交系主要农艺性状的产量效应。[方法]利用22份(有3份为单交种组合)青贮玉米亲本材料按3×19组配了不完全双列杂交,对57个杂交组合进行农艺性状鉴定。[结果]籽粒产量、穗行数、株高、秸秆产量4个指标是影响青贮玉米生物产量的主要指标,建立了青贮玉米生物产量回归方程。秸秆产量、株高、穗行数、穗长性状的广义遗传力均在50%以上,由遗传作用引起的作用较大,环境因素对其影响较小,采用遗传育种手段改良这些性状的潜力较大。同时生物产量和籽粒产量的广义遗传力均在50%以下。[结论]生物产量和籽粒产量这2个考察指标与环境的互作较大,选择时应考虑环境的影响。

[ Objective ] To analyze the effects of major agronomic traits on yield in maize inbred lines. [ Method ] Incomplete diallel cross be- tween three single-cross hybrids and 19 parent materials of corn silage were performed, and the agronomic traits of the obtained 57 cross combina- tions were identified. [ Result] The regression equations between biomass and four important indicators （grain yield, rows per ear, plant height and straw yield） affecting biomass of corn silage were established. The broad heritability of straw yield, plant height, rows per ear and ear length was higher than 50%. Genetic effects had a greater impact, while environmental factors had a smaller impact. Thus, it had great potential to im- prove these traits by genetic breeding. In addition, the broad heritability of biomass and grain yield was lower than 50%. [ Conclusion] Biomass and grain yield have greater interaction effects on environment, and the environmental impact should be considered for selection.