水稻主要病虫害防治优化模型

A OPTIMAL CONTROL PROGRAM FOR MAIN RICE DISEASES AND INSECT PESTS

采用田间多因子组合设计与计算机模拟寻优技术,组建了四川盆地西部平原及东南部丘陵稻区的病虫防治优化模型,提出了成组的病虫动态复合防治指标,评价出一批多抗品种及选择性药剂,将病虫防治措施与模式栽培融为一体,基本上协调了化学防治与保护天敌、丰产栽培与防治病虫两大矛盾。此项技术经生产性检验,平均每亩挽回稻谷损失34公斤以上,施药次数由原来的4～5次减少到2次,省工1～2个,平均每亩增收8元以上。有机氯农药在稻谷、稻草中的残留量未检出,土壤为痕量;有机磷杀螟松施用后当年测定糙米、米糠中的残留量均在国际允许标准（0.2ppM）以下。稻田蜘蛛增长40％以上,绒茧蜂增长1倍以上,生态环境进一步改善,经济、生态、社会效益十分明显。

A lowered cost, Optimized, simplized and regularized Program for control of rice diseases and Pests in Western Plain and Southeastern Hilly Areas of Sichuan have been completed according to multifactor experments, and optimization by compputer simulation. The program includes utilizing resistant varieties and cultural Practices, developing a series of dynamic Pairing mulitple economic thresholds [between a insect pest and disease, and spraying minimal and selective chemicals, the Program harmonizes control measures with practices of high yield. So that integrated techiques resolved the two contradictions between control effects and high yield,applications of chemicals and protecting natural enemies. Results of tests from the extended fields showed that comparion of conventional methods, the Program could cut down applications of chemicals from 4 ?5 to 2 times, reduced labour force of 15?0 Per hectare, increased rice yield 510 kg/ha and net return 120 yuan/ha, enhanced spider (spp) population y over 40% and parasitic bee (Apantles refures) more than 1 time on the average respectively,Residues of organic chloride in kernel and straw have not been tested out and the substance in soil become a consistant. Residues of Sumihion in brown rice and bran was also below the Permitted criterion 0.2 PPm after applying the same year.The integrated measures improved ecologic environment and synthetic effects including econmics, ecology and society were significant. Moreover, results which some resistant cultivars to blast, white blight etc. rice diseases and lower toxic and selective chemiacls were identified and screened have been obtained in the Project.