从建筑文化的构成分析中国古典园林的形成发展

Evolution of Classical Chinese Gardens Based on the Components of Architectural Culture

该研究套用了文化生态系统的结构模式,用人类活动、建筑环境、建筑文化分别替换了文化生态系统中的人类社会、外部环境、文化,从而组建了建筑文化的结构模式,它是依托于文化生态系统结构模式存在的。该模式中,建筑工程技术位于建筑文化结构的最外层,设计方法及著述位于中间层,价值观位于最内层。将这一结构模式应用于分析中国古典园林的形成发展过程,按照朝代更替的时间跨度,从社会意识、文化心理和审美风尚的角度分析中国古典园林从苑囿到山水园,从城市宅园到江南私家园林的变更过程,指出园林发展过程是从外部形态到实用功能的改变,这一改变是由当时的社会思想意识、价值观念通过一定的设计方法指导实现的。

On the basis of the structural mode of cultural ecosystem, the authors built a structural mode of architectural culture by replacing human society, exterior environment and culture in the cultural ecosystem with human activities, architectural environment and＂ architectural culture. Within this mode, architectural engineering technology was in the uttermost layer of the architectural cultural structure, design tech- niques and written works in the middle layer, and values in the innermost layer. It was applied to analyze the evolution of classical Chinese gardens along the line of dynastic changes, from the perspectives of social consciousness, cultural psychology and aesthetic habit, it was point- ed out that classical Chinese gardens have evolved from animal park to landscape garden, from urban residential garden to private garden in the southern regions of the Yangtze River, which also indicated a transition from exterior forms to practical functions, and was realized on the basis of social consciousness and values of the time with the help of nrooer design techniaues.