翻译与翻译原型

Translation and Its Prototype

长期以来,翻译研究一直受传统的经典范畴观影响,翻译理论中盛行着无数的二元对立观,如直译与意译、形式与意义、形似与神似、异化与归化、忠实与不忠实、可译与不可译、翻译作为艺术与翻译作为科学等等互相冲突的思想与方法。对翻译本质的这种认识方式,使人们在对同一问题进行分析时,容易各执一端,争论不休。原型理论则与之相反,它跳脱对范畴认知的二元对立模式,强调范畴的原型性和范畴边界的模糊性,因而在很大程度上克服了二元对立观非此即彼的认知缺陷。本文立足于近年认知科学领域甚为流行的原型理论,围绕"翻译原型"这个主题,就翻译范畴属性、翻译标准、翻译本体及其本体理论等若干关涉翻译本质的核心问题展开讨论,以期引起学界同仁对相关研究课题的关注。

For more than two thousand years, the study of translation has been under the influence of Aristotle＇ s conception of categories, and translation theory continues to be structured in binary oppositions. This paper proposes that we turn to the prototype theory, developed in cognitive science since the 1970s, for the basis of a more rational account of translational activities. In the light of the core notion of ＂translational prototype＂ , the author takes a fresh look into translation＇s categorical properties, and addresses various other ontological issues concerning its nature and criteria.