土家族“跳丧”文化传承与转型若干问题的探讨

Investigation of Tujia "Jump Funeral" Cultural Heritage and Transition

"跳丧"是土家族的丧仪民俗,同时也是一种特殊的民俗体育。通过文献资料分析和田野调查,对土家族"跳丧"民俗的活动形式与内容、"跳丧"民俗传承中的不同名称及其意涵、土家族"跳丧"文化的分布地域、土家族"跳丧"文化传承和转型路径等方面进行了探讨。研究认为,土家族"跳丧"的几类名称区分出不同的流派,土家族"跳丧"典型流派"撒叶儿嗬"的名称不仅是"丧歌"的拟音而且极可能具有实际的意涵,土家族"跳丧"分布于整个土家人聚居区而不仅限于清江流域,体育是土家族"跳丧"文化传承和主动转型的最佳路径与载体。

＂Jump funeral＂ is the most characteristic part of the Tujia folk culture, and also is a special folk sports. Through literature review and fieldwork, this paper introduces the contents, different name and meaning and region distribution of Tujia ＂jump funeral＂ culture and investigates Tujia ＂Jump funeral＂ cultural heritage and transition path. The result shows that Tujia ＂jump funeral＂ of different name distinguish different types of schools, Tujia ＂jump fu- neral ＂ typical school ＂sa-yeal-her＂ is not only the name of the ＂funeral song＂ which is likely to be sound but also have practical meaning much more likely, Tujia ＂jump funeral＂ distribute over the whole Tujia living area not only Qingjiang river. Physical education is the best carrier and path of the Tujia ＂jump funeral＂ cultural heritage and active transition.