民国时期小学职业指导的实践与启示

Practice of Professional Guidance in Primary School in the Period of Republic of China and the Enlightenments

我国科学意义上的职业指导发端于民国初年。让人意外的是,在高校和中学之外,民国时期中国的小学也曾经开展过职业指导。民国时期小学职业指导活动的开展,既受当时中国特殊国情的影响,也体现了专家们"从娃娃抓起"的愿望,民国时期小学职业指导主要有演讲、谈话、参观、加授课程等形式,委员会是实施职业指导的主要形态,主要内容有职业陶冶、升学指导和就业指导三个方面。这些为今天扩大学校职业指导的实施范围提供了一定的启示。

The scientific professional guidance began in the early years of the Republic of China. It is unexpected that, besides higher education and secondary education, the primary schools in that period had also deployed professional guidance activities. The professional guidance in primary schools mainly took the modes of lecture, speech, visit and curriculum teaching, committee is the main implementation mode, and its contents include professional edification, progression guidance and employment guidance, which provided significant enlightenments for enlarging the implementation scope of professional guidance nowadays.