EFF对薄皮甜瓜采后相关生理因素的影响

Effect of Enhanced Freshness Formulation on Postharvest Physiological Properties of Oriental Sweet Melons (Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino) during Storage

研究不同体积分数EFF(促进保鲜配方)(enhanced freshness formulation,EFF)对薄皮甜瓜贮藏过程中部分采后生理因素的影响,为薄皮甜瓜的贮藏保鲜提供参考依据。以"金亨二号"薄皮甜瓜为试材,分别用1%和2%的EFF溶液浸泡后,以浸泡清水为对照(CK),测定了甜瓜在10℃贮藏期间果实品质和相关生理指标的变化。经EFF浸泡之后,减慢了果实贮藏期间质量、硬度、水分的降低速率,延缓了可溶性固形物的消耗;EFF处理延迟了乙烯高峰的出现,极显著地降低了乙烯的峰值(P<0.01);显著提高了过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的活性(P<0.05),极显著降低了过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)和多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)的活性(P<0.01),延缓了果实的成熟和衰老,延长贮藏期。经EFF处理的果实,贮藏前期2%EFF醛类总量显著高于CK和1%EFF(P<0.05);贮藏后期果肉中总芳香物质、总酯类、乙酸酯类和草酸酯类含量均显著升高,而且使芳香物质高峰延迟3d出现;减少了香气成分的缺失,较好地保持了甜瓜果实的品质。综合分析得出,体积分数2%EFF更有利于保持果实品质,延缓果实衰老。

Oriental sweet melons ＇Jinheng No. 2＇ were immersed in enhanced freshness formulation （1% or 2% EFF solution） or plain water （as control） for 3 min before storage in incubators for 20 d at 10 ℃ and a relative humidity of 85%. Postharvest physiological properties of oriental sweet melons were determined at 7-day intervals during storage. EFF treatment alleviated the decrease of weight, firmness, water content and soluble solid, delayed the appearance of the ethylene peak and extremely significantly reduced the ethylene peak height （P 〈 0.01）. Meanwhile, EFF treatment significantly promoted the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） （P 〈 0.05）, and extremely significantly inhibited the activities of polyphenol oxidase （PPO） and peroxide （POD） （P 〈0.01）. Therefore, EFF treatment delayed the maturation and the following senescence of sweet melons, and thus prolonged their storage life. During the early part of the storage period, 2% EFF treated sweet melons had significantly higher aldehydes content than those in the control group and 1% EFF treated sweet melons （P 〈0.05）. During the later part, 2% EFF treated sweet melons revealed a significantly increase in the contents of total aroma compounds, esters, acetic and oxalates, and the appearance of the aroma peak was delayed for 3 days, thus reducing the loss of aroma compounds and maintaining the quality of sweet melons. Collectively, these results indicate that 2% EFF treatment is more beneficial to delay the senescence of oriental sweet melons and maintain their quality.