再议辛亥革命的成败

Re-comment on the Success and Failure of the Revolution of 1911

辛亥革命的动力是由革命党、立宪派、统治集团内部改革派等多种力量组成的反清阵营,立宪派压抑党人,袁世凯迫孙让位应视为阵营内部的斗争,不能作为失败的依据。立宪派"保路"引发武昌起义,策动"独立"促进清朝统治的瓦解,袁氏集团拥护"共和"迫使清廷退位,革命阵营扩大恰与胜利同行。辛亥革命的目标可以理解为"主体预设"和"后人规定"等多层任务,要求彻底完成后人规定的反帝反封建任务,违背了历史主义原则,据此不足以证明其失败。辛亥革命基本完成了主体预设的三民主义,也参与了反帝反封建的任务,表明了胜利。辛亥革命付出代价决定于专制的顽固与满汉之间的对峙,革命后的割据根源在于封建经济与列强干预,代价与混战也不能证明失败。革命促进了政治体制、经济基础与文化意识的进步,受益大于成本,再次印证胜利。

The motivation of Xinhai Revolution consists several forces,including the revolutionary party,constitutionalists,reformers within the ruling group,which all resist Qing dynasty.The constitutionalists suppress revolutionaries,Sun yat-sen is forced to give way to Yuan Shi-kai,which should be regarded as inner struggle,but can not consider as the evidence of failure.Constitutionalists＇s ＂Paul＂ movement leads to the Wuchang Uprising;instigating ＂independence＂ accelerates the collapse of the rule of Qing dynasty;Yuan Group supports the ＂Republican＂,which forces the Qing dynasty abdication;and the amplification of the revolutionary camp keeps company with their victory.Xinhai Revolution＇s goals can be understood as ＂the principal default＂ and ＂descendants rule＂ and other multi-tasks,which break the principle of historicism,if we require a thorough completion of the provisions of the anti-imperialist and anti-fendal tasks.The above aspects lack of the proof of failure.Xinhai revolution basically completes ＂the principal default＂ task of Three People＇s Principles,and also participates in the task of anti-imperialist and anti-fendalism,which indicates success.The costs of Xinhai Revolution is decided by the autocratic stubbon and the confrontation between the Man and the Han,the separatism after the revolution is rooted in the intervention of feudal economy and foreign powers,the cost and the melee can not prove that failure.Evolution promotes the progress of the political system,economic basis and cultural consciousness.Benefits surpass the cost,which once again confirms the victory.